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AKARI and Spinning Dust: A look at microwave dust emission via the Infrared Aaron C. Bell's Master's Course Thesis ABSTRACT: Rapidly spinning dust particles having a permanent electric dipole moment have been shown to be a likely carrier of the anomalous microwave emission (AME), a continuous excess of microwave flux in the 10 to 90 GHz range. Small grains, possibly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are a leading suspect. In the absence of a definitive answer on the presence of PAHs or their role as an AME carrier, some predictions have been made as to the implications of spinning PAH emission. Due to the overlap between the CMB and the galactic foreground, this topic is requiring cosmologists to consider the ISM with more care. ISM astronomers are also needing to consider the contribution of cosmological radiation to large-scale dust investigations. We present data from AKARI/Infrared Camera (IRC) due to the effective PAH band coverage of its 9 micron survey to investigate their role within the 98 AME candidate regions identified by Planck Collaboration et al. (2014). We supplement AKARI data with the four Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) all-sky maps and complement with the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) bands at 857 and 545 GHz to constrain the full dust thermal spectral energy distribution (SED). We sample the average spectral energy distributions (SEDs) all 98 regions. We utilize all 7 AKARI photometric bands, as well as the 4 IRAS bands and 2 HFI. We carry out a modified blackbody fitting, and estimate the optical depth of thermal dust at 250 micron, and compare this to AME parameters. We also show plots of each band's average intensity for all 98 regions vs. AME parameters. We find a positive trend between the optical depth and AME. In the band-by-band comparison the AKARI 9 micron intensity shows a weaker trend with AME. In general, the MIR correlates less strongly with AME than the FIR. The optical depth vs. AME trend improves slightly when looking only at significant AME regions. Scaling the IR intensities by the ISRF strength G0 does not improve the correlations. A slightly positive trend found previously among 10 AME regions vs. AME significance is revisited, using the larger sample of 98. However the trend does not hold up to the full data set. We cannot offer strong support of a spinning dust model. The results highlight the need for full dust SED modelling, and for a better understanding of the role that magnetic dipole emission from dust grains could play in producing the AME.

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Mathematic homework exercise in LaTeX

Due to the widespread adoption of the internet and its services, protocols have been established and new ones arise every year. Either for securing connections, ciphering information or service authentication, protocols place an important part in network communications. The TCP/IP has become one of the ubiquitous protocol suites for secure communication, and therefore, a desirable target for covert information encapsulation. In this article, we will discuss the art of unauthorized data transfer - covert techniques - for data encapsulation in protocol data packets, emphasizing headers fields manipulation.

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No âmbito da cadeira de Portfólio Pessoal, leccionada pelo professor Rui Santos Cruz, foi nos disponibilizada uma lista de actividades a desempenhar tendo estas como principal objectivo o desenvolvimento das imprescindíveis e cada vez mais necessárias "Soft Skills". A actividade escolhida foi um projecto colaborativo promovido pela associação de caridade "Entrajuda" e pelo Centro Paroquial do Campo Grande, sendo que, a actividade consistia na restauração e reabilitação do espaço exterior desta ultima organização. Entre as diversas tarefas a desenvolver no espaço exterior do centro paroquial, a escolhida foi o restauro dos bancos de jardim nele existentes, o que incluía todo o trabalho de pintura e tratamento de materiais (madeira, ferro) existentes nestes bancos. O intuito de toda esta restauração centrou-se na perspectiva, de num futuro recente, poder acolher todos os beneficiários do centro num local agradável, e com condições dignas de uma instituição cuja principal preocupação é ajudar quem mais precisa.

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La Teoría de la Relatividad General y la Mecánica Cuántica son, sin duda, los logros más importantes de la Física del siglo XX; la primera teoría gobierna al reino de las estrellas mientras que la segunda hace lo propio con el mundo subatómico. Su importancia es tal, que si logr´aramos crear una teoría que unifique a estas dos estar´ıamos frente a la antesala de una teoría que lo explique todo. Sin embargo, hay un problema, estas dos teor´ıas son como el agua y el aceite, simplemente no funcionan juntas, se resisten a ser unidas en un único modelo coherente. Y la dificultad es tal, que su unificación es uno de los problemas más grandes de la física actual. Pero a pesar de esto, en las últimas décadas se han logrado concebir modelos que unifican estas dos teorías; el problema es que solo lo hacen de una manera limitada, es decir, solo pueden aplicarse bajo ciertas circunstancias. De todos estos modelos existe uno en particular que capta nuestra atención y del cual vamos a hablar en el presente artículo. El atractivo de este modelo es que se desarrolla en uno de los lugares más extraños y misteriosos del universo: un agujero negro. Un agujero negro es un lugar en el espacio-tiempo en el cual la gravedad es tan grande que ni siquiera la luz, lo más rápido en el universo, puede escapar. Dicho de otra forma, es el conjunto de sucesos desde los que no es posible escapar a una gran distancia. Así, la frontera del agujero negro, denominada horizonte de sucesos, está formada por los rayos de luz que están a punto de escapar del agujero negro, pero que en lugar de ello se quedan allí para siempre, congelados por la eternidad. Es en esta frontera donde se desarrolla una teoría que une elegantemente a la Teor´ıa de la Relatividad y a la Mecánica Cuántica, una teoría que propone algo que desafía al sentido común: radiación emanada de los agujeros negros, la radiación de Hawking.