Ce document regroupe les codes TIKZ des figures utilisées pour le cours "POSTULATS DE LA DYNAMIQUE" situé à la page http://femto-physique.fr/mecanique/meca_C2.php
\begin
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% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
% J.Roussel
% MAJ : 2014-06-03
% Ce document regroupe les codes TIKZ des figures utilisées pour le cours "POSTULATS DE LA DYNAMIQUE" situé à la page http://femto-physique.fr/mecanique/meca_C2.php
%-------------------------------------------
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\input{styles_meca}
\title{Figures TikZ du cours "POSTULATS DE LA DYNAMIQUE"}
\begin{document}
%============================================================
% Date : 3 Nov. 2010 Sujet : Unification des théories
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=0.45,>=latex, inner sep=2pt, outer sep=2pt]
\coordinate (Newton) at (168.7, 0);
\coordinate (Einstein) at (191.5, 0);
\coordinate (Coulomb) at (178, -5);
\coordinate (Maxwell) at (186.4, -7.5);
\coordinate (Biot) at (182, -10);
\coordinate (Feynman) at (194.9, -7.5);
\coordinate (Becquerel) at (189.6, -15);
\coordinate (Fermi) at (193.4, -15);
\coordinate (Unif1) at (196.1,-11.25);
\coordinate (Yukawa) at (193.5,- 20);
\coordinate (Unif2) at (197.3, -15.62);
\coordinate (Unif3) at (201, -7.81);
\draw[*-] (Newton) node[above right]{\small 1687 - Newton} -- (Einstein);
\draw[*-] (Einstein) node[above right]{ \small 1915 - Einstein}--(201,0);
\draw[dashed] (168.7,-5)--(Coulomb);
\draw[*-] (Coulomb) node[below]{1780} node[above]{\small Coulomb} -| (Maxwell);
\draw[dashed] (168.7,-10) --(Biot);
\draw[*-] (Biot) node[below]{1820} node[above]{\small Biot et Savart} -| (Maxwell);
\draw[o-*] (Maxwell) node[below right]{1864} node[above right]{\small Maxwell} -- (Feynman);
\draw[] (Feynman) node[below]{1949} node[above]{\small Feynman \emph{et al}}-| (Unif1);
\draw[dashed] (168.7,-15)--(Becquerel);
\draw[*-] (Becquerel) node[below]{1896} node[above]{\small Becquerel} --(Fermi);
\draw[*-] (Fermi) node[below]{1934} node[above]{\small Fermi} -| (Unif1);
\draw[o-] (Unif1) node[below right, fill=white]{1961} -| (Unif2);
\draw[dashed] (168.7,-20) --(Yukawa);
\draw[*-] (Yukawa) node[below]{1935} node[above]{\small Yukawa} -| (Unif2);
\draw[o-] (Unif2) node[below right]{1973} -| (201,0);
\draw (Unif3) node[fill=white,text width=2cm,inner sep=5pt]{Physique Unifi\'ee ?} ;
\draw (168.7,0) node[below right]{\small \textbf{Gravitation}};
\draw (168.7,-5) node[below right]{\small \textbf{\'Electrostatique}};
\draw (168.7,-10) node[below right]{\small \textbf{Magn\'etisme}};
\draw (168.7,-15) node[below right]{ \small\textbf{Interaction Faible}};
\draw (168.7,-20) node[below right]{\small \textbf{Interaction Forte}};
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 21 0ct.2010 Sujet : loi de coulomb
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1,>=latex, inner sep=2pt, outer sep=2pt, axis/.style={thin,gray}]
\colorlet{darkblue}{blue!50!black};
\coordinate (O) at (0, 0);
\coordinate (M) at (8,0);
\draw[axis,|<->|] (0,1)--(8,1) node[midway, fill=white]{$r$};
\draw[force] (M) -- ++(3,0) node[below ]{$\overrightarrow{f_{12}}$};
\draw[force] (O) -- ++(-3,0) node[below ]{$\overrightarrow{f_{21}}$};
\draw[vecteur] (0.25,0) -- ++(1,0) node[below]{$\overrightarrow{u_{12}}$};
\draw[ ball color=yellow] (O) circle(0.25) node{+};
\draw[ ball color=yellow] (M) circle(0.25) node{+};
\draw (M) node[below=5pt]{($q_{2}$)};
\draw (O) node[below=5pt]{($q_{1}$)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1,>=latex, inner sep=2pt, outer sep=2pt, axis/.style={thin,gray}]
\colorlet{darkblue}{blue!50!black};
\coordinate (O) at (0, 0);
\coordinate (M) at (8,0);
\draw[force] (M) -- ++(-3,0) node[below ]{$\overrightarrow{f_{12}}$};
\draw[force] (O) -- ++(3,0) node[below ]{$\overrightarrow{f_{21}}$};
\draw[vecteur] (0.25,0) -- ++(1,0) node[below]{$\overrightarrow{u_{12}}$};
\draw[ ball color=yellow] (O) circle(0.25) node{+};
\draw[ ball color=yellow] (M) circle(0.25) node{-};
\draw (M) node[below=5pt]{($q_{2}$)};
\draw (O) node[below=5pt]{($q_{1}$)};
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% portance et trianée aérodynamiques
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\draw[color=gray] (-10,0.6)--++(10,0);
\draw[color=gray] (-10,2)--++(20,0) node[above,pos=0.2]{\small ligne d'\'ecoulement};
\draw[color=gray] (-10,-0.8) .. controls +(3,0) and +(-1,0) .. (2,-1.2) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. (10,-0.8);
\draw[bloc,rotate=-10] (0,0)ellipse(3.5 and 0.6);
\draw[force] (0,0)--++(0,3) node[left,color=black]{$\overrightarrow{F_{\rm p}}$};
\draw[force] (0,0)--++(5,0) node[right,color=black]{$\overrightarrow{F_{\rm t}}$};
\draw[force] (0,0)--++(5,3) node[above right,color=black]{$\overrightarrow{F}$};
\draw[tiret] (0,3)--++(5,0)--++(0,-3);
\draw[vecteur] (-10,0.6)--++(1,0) node[above left]{$\overrightarrow{v}$};
\draw[vecteur] (-10,2)--++(1,0);
\draw[vecteur] (-10,-0.8)--++(1,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 20 Oct. 2010 Sujet : force de frottement
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1,>=latex, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=2pt]
\colorlet{darkblue}{blue!50!black}
\draw[vecteur] (2,1) node[right]{$\overrightarrow{g}$} --++(0,-0.5);
\begin{scope}[rotate=-20]
\draw[bloc] (-0.5,0) rectangle (0.5,1);
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (-2,0)--++(4,0)--++(0,-0.2)--++(-4,0)-- cycle;
\draw[thick, color=gray] (-2,0)--++(4,0);
\draw[force] (0,0) --++(-1,0) node[above right]{$\overrightarrow{T}$};
\draw[force] (0,0) --++(0,2) node[above right]{$\overrightarrow{N}$};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 21 0ct.2010 Sujet : Gravitation
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1]
\coordinate (O) at (0, 0);
\coordinate (M) at (8,0);
\draw[axis,|<->|] (0,1)--(8,1) node[midway, fill=white]{$r$};
\draw[ ball color=yellow] (O) circle(0.25);
\draw[force] (M) -- ++(-3,0) node[below ]{$\overrightarrow{f_{12}}$};
\draw[vecteur] (O)node[below=5pt]{($m_{1}$)} -- ++(1,0) node[below]{$\overrightarrow{u_{12}}$};
\draw[ ball color=yellow] (M) circle(0.15);
\draw (M) node[below=5pt]{($m_{2}$)};
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 12 Nov. 2010 Sujet : La pesanteur
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=2]
\patate[shift={(-0.15,2)},bloc,scale=0.5];
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (-1,0.5)--++(2,0)--++(0,-0.2)--++(-2,0)-- cycle;
\draw (-1,0.5)--++(2,0) node[pos=0.7,above]{Sol terrestre};
\draw[vecteur] (-1,1.5) --++(0,-0.5) node[midway,right]{$\overrightarrow{g}$} ;
\draw[force] (0,1.8) --++(0,-1) node[right]{$\overrightarrow{P}\simeq m\overrightarrow{g}$};
\draw (0,1.8) node{$\bullet$} node[color=black,right]{$\textrm{G}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Sujet : Le ressort
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1,>=latex, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=2pt,decoration={coil,aspect=0.3,segment length=3mm,amplitude=3mm}, ressort/.style={thick,black,smooth,}]
\draw[bloc] (4,-0.5) rectangle (5,0.5);
\draw (0,0)--(0.5,0);
\draw[ressort,decorate] (0.5,0)--(4,0) ;
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (6,-0.5)--++(-6,0)--++(0,1)--++(-0.3,0)--++(0,-1.3)--++(6.3,0)-- cycle;
\draw[thick,color=gray](6,-0.5)--++(-6,0)--++(0,1);
\draw[force] (4,0) --++(-2,0) node[midway, above=3mm]{$\overrightarrow{T}$};
\draw[color=gray] (0,0.75)--++(0,0.5);
\draw[->,color=gray] (0,0.9)--++(2,0) node[pos=0.4,fill=white]{$\ell_{0}$};
\draw[->,color=gray] (0,1.1)--++(4,0) node[pos=0.7,fill=white]{$\ell_{0}+x$};
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 17 Nov. 2010 Sujet : système de points
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=3]
\coordinate (M) at (0.2,-0.1);
\coordinate (N) at (0.8,-1);
\coordinate (G) at (0.36,-0.5);
\patate[ball color=lightgray];
\draw (0.5,-1.5) node{Syst\`eme $\mathcal{S}$ de points mat\'eriels };
\draw[force] (M) -- ++($0.3*(N)-0.3*(M)$) node[midway,left]{$\overrightarrow{f_{ji}}$};
\draw[force] (M) -- ++(0.3,0.5) node[pos=0.8,left]{$\overrightarrow{f_{i}}{}^{\rm ext}$};
\draw[force] (N) -- ++($0.3*(M)-0.3*(N)$) node[pos=0.8,right]{$\overrightarrow{f_{ij}}$};
\draw[force] (N) -- ++(-0.3,-0.2) node[midway,left]{$\overrightarrow{f_{j}}{}^{\rm ext}$};
\draw (M) node{$\bullet$}node[right]{$\textrm{M}_{i}(m_{i})$};
\draw (N) node{$\bullet$}node[right]{$\textrm{M}_{j}(m_{j})$};
\draw (G) node{$\bullet$} node[right]{$\textrm{G}$};
\draw (1.5,-0.5) node{$\quad\Longrightarrow\quad$} node[above=5pt]{\small T.C.I};
\draw (2,-0.5) node[above=5pt]{G} node[below=5pt]{$m=\sum{m_{i}}$};
\draw[force] (2,-0.5) -- ++(0.4,0.2)
node[right]{$\overrightarrow{F}{}^{\rm ext}=\sum{\overrightarrow{f_{i}}{}^{\rm ext}}$};
\draw[bloc] (2,-0.5) circle(0.05);
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 15 Nov. 2010 Sujet : tension d'un fil inextensible
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1]
\node (F) at (6,1) {Fil $\mathcal{F}$};
\draw[ultra thick] (0,0)--(6,-2);
\draw[force] (6,-2) --++(-1.5,0.5) node[midway, above=3mm]{$\overrightarrow{T}_{\mathcal{F}\rightarrow M}$};
\draw[force] (0,0) --++(1.5,-0.5) node[midway, below=3mm]{$-\overrightarrow{T}_{\mathcal{F}\rightarrow M}$};
\draw[bloc] (6,-2) circle(0.4);
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (0,-0.5)--++(0,1)--++(-0.3,0)--++(0,-1)-- cycle;
\draw[thick,color=gray] (0,-0.5)--++(0,1);
\draw[thin, ->] (F.west) to[bend right] (3,-1);
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 2014-06-03 Sujet : tension au sein d'un fil
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1]
\draw[fill=lightgray] (0,3pt)--++(7,0)--++(0,-6pt)--++(-7,0);
\draw [pattern=north east lines] (4,3pt)--++(1,0)--++(0,-6pt)--++(-1,0)-- cycle;
\draw[force] (7,0) --++(1.5,0) node[midway, above=3mm]{$\overrightarrow{T}$};
\draw[|->](0,-1)--++(8,0);
\draw[dashed](4,0)--++(0,-1)node[below=3pt]{\small $x$};
\draw[dashed](5,0)--++(0,-1)node[below]{\small $x+\mathrm{d}x$};
\draw[force] (5,0)--++(1.2,0) node[midway, above=3mm]{$\overrightarrow{T}(x+\mathrm{d}x)$};
\draw[force] (4,0)--++(-1,0) node[midway, above=3mm]{$\overrightarrow{T}(x)$};
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (0,-0.5)--++(0,1)--++(-0.3,0)--++(0,-1)-- cycle;
\draw[thick,color=gray] (0,-0.5)--++(0,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
%============================================================
% Date : 2014-06-03 Sujet : tension au sein d'un fil courbé
%============================================================
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1]
\begin{scope}
\draw[bloc] (0,0)circle(2);
\draw[color=gray,line width=3pt](2,-2)--++(0,2) arc (0:135:2)--++(-3,-3);
\draw[ultra thick](95:2) arc (95:85:2);
\draw[dashed] (0,2) circle(.3);
\draw[->,shift={(0,2)}] (45:0.5)to[bend left](3,0);
\draw[force](2,-2)--++(0,-1)node[midway,right]{$\overrightarrow{T}_{\rm a}$};
\draw (2,-2)node{•};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=5cm,yshift=0cm]
\draw[dashed] (0,0) circle(2.5);
\clip (0,0) circle(2.5);
\draw[fill=gray](0,-10)--++(75:10.5) arc(75:105:10.5)--cycle;
\draw[fill=black](0,-10)--++(85:10.5) arc(85:95:10.5)--cycle;
\draw[bloc](0,-10)--++(75:10) arc(75:105:10)--cycle;
\draw[force] (0.9,0.2)--++(-5:1.5)node[above=6pt, midway,black]{$\overrightarrow{T}(s+\mathrm{d}s)$};
\draw[force] (-0.9,0.2)--++(185:1)node[above=6pt, midway,black]{$\overrightarrow{T}(s)$};
\draw[force] (0,0)--++(-0.5,1)node[above,black]{$\mathrm{d}\overrightarrow{f}$};
\draw[force] (0,0.25)--++(0,-1)node[right,black]{$\mathrm{d}\overrightarrow{P}$};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}