\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\usepackage{varwidth}
\usepackage[dvipsnames,x11names,svgnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,backgrounds,chains,shapes}
% \PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Noto Serif}
\setsansfont{Noto Sans}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\usepackage{xeCJK}
\setCJKsansfont{Noto Sans CJK SC}
\setotherlanguages{arabic,hindi,tamil,greek,thai,tibetan,russian,turkish}
\newcommand{\tqLemma}[4][]{\node[lemma] (#2) [draw=#3,fill=#3!30,
%label={[draw=#3!50,fill=#3!10]above:#2},
#1] {#4} ;}
\tikzset{every node/.append style={draw}}
\tikzset{lemma/.append style={rectangle, rounded corners, on chain}}
\tikzset{every label/.append style={semicircle, font={\tiny},label distance=-.5pt,inner sep=1pt}}
\begin{document}
% Serifs!
\begin{preview}
\begin{varwidth}{\linewidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node (axis) [circle,inner sep=.3em,draw=gray,fill=gray!30] {};
% First layer (inner) circle
\begin{scope}[start chain=inner circle placed {at=(\tikzchaincount*32.72:6em)}]
\tqLemma{tlh}{Orchid}{qatlho'}
\tqLemma{deu}{Teal}{Danke}
\tqLemma{zho}{Salmon}{谢谢}
\tqLemma{ita}{CornflowerBlue}{Grazie}
\tqLemma{rus}{Peach}{\textrussian{Спасибо}}
\newfontfamily\thaifont[Script=Thai]{Noto Serif Thai} % Is already the main font
\tqLemma{tha}{SteelBlue}{\textthai{ขอบคุณ}}
\newfontfamily\tengwarfont[Scale=1.5]{TengwarFormal12.ttf}
\tqLemma[font=\tengwarfont]{qya}{Goldenrod}{9C\kern1pt 4\#5\$\char0204};
%% Commands that I'd use if only tengwarscript worked with xelatex
% \Thyarmen\TTthreedots\Tanto\TTthreedots
%\Tnuumen\TTtwodotsbelow\TTacute
% };
\newfontfamily\arabicfont[Script=Arabic]{Noto Naskh Arabic}
\tqLemma{ara}{SeaGreen}{\textarabic{شكرا}}
\tqLemma{fra}{Rhodamine}{Merci}
\tqLemma{spa}{Maroon}{Gracias}
\newfontfamily\tamilfont[Script=Tamil]{Noto Serif Tamil}
\tqLemma{tam}{Crimson}{\texttamil{நன்றி}}
\end{scope}
%% 2nd layer
\begin{scope}[start chain=outer circle placed {at=(\tikzchaincount*32.72-16.36:10.8em)}]
\tqLemma{por}{Periwinkle}{Obrigado}
\tqLemma{ell}{BurntOrange}{Εὐχαριστῶ}
\newCJKfontfamily\kofont{cwTeXMing}
\tqLemma[font=\kofont]{kor}{MidnightBlue}{감사합니다}
\newfontfamily\hindifont[Script=Devanagari]{Noto Serif Devanagari}
\tqLemma{hin}{Apricot}{\texthindi{धन्यवाद}}
\tqLemma{msa}{ForestGreen}{Terima kasih}
\tqLemma{eng}{Tomato}{Thank you}
\newCJKfontfamily\jpfont{IPAPMincho}
\tqLemma[font=\jpfont]{jpn}{Violet}{ありがとう}
\tqLemma{gla}{Chocolate}{Tapadh leibh}
\newfontfamily\tibetanfont[Scale=1.2]{Jomolhari}
\tqLemma{bod}{Gold}{\texttibetan{ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ་།}}
\tqLemma{gle}{Tan}{Go raibh maith agaibh}
\tqLemma{vie}{LawnGreen}{Xin cảm ơn}
\end{scope}
%% 3rd layer now...
\begin{scope}[start chain=inner circle placed {at=(\tikzchaincount*32.72-32.72:13em)}]
\tqLemma{tur}{Chocolate}{Teşekkür ederim}
\tqLemma[yshift=-12pt]{hun}{SteelBlue}{Köszönöm}
\end{scope}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[draw=gray,thick,shorten >=-2pt] (axis)
edge (eng)
edge (msa)
edge (kor)
edge (ell)
edge (hin)
edge (vie)
edge (gle)
edge (bod)
edge (gla)
edge (jpn)
edge (tha)
edge (por)
edge (deu)
edge (zho)
edge (ita)
edge (tam)
edge (rus)
edge (fra)
edge (ara)
edge (spa)
edge (qya)
edge (tlh)
edge (tur)
edge (hun);
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{varwidth}
\end{preview}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Sans serif! (e.g. for presentations)
\begin{preview}
\begin{varwidth}{\linewidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}[lemma/.append style={font=\sffamily}]
\node (axis) [circle,inner sep=.3em,draw=gray,fill=gray!30] {};
% First layer (inner) circle
\begin{scope}[start chain=inner circle placed {at=(\tikzchaincount*32.72:6em)}]
\tqLemma{tlh}{Orchid}{qatlho'}
\tqLemma{deu}{Teal}{Danke}
\tqLemma{zho}{Salmon}{谢谢}
\tqLemma{ita}{CornflowerBlue}{Grazie}
\tqLemma{rus}{Peach}{\textrussian{Спасибо}}
\newfontfamily\thaifont[Script=Thai]{Noto Sans Thai}
\tqLemma{tha}{SteelBlue}{\textthai{ขอบคุณ}}
% I don't think I've seen a nice "sans serif"
% Tengwar font anywhere, so reusing the same.
\newfontfamily\tengwarfont[Scale=1.5]{TengwarFormal12.ttf}
\tqLemma[font=\tengwarfont]{qya}{Goldenrod}{9C\kern1pt 4\#5\$\char0204};
%% Commands that I'd use if only tengwarscript worked with xelatex
% \Thyarmen\TTthreedots\Tanto\TTthreedots
%\Tnuumen\TTtwodotsbelow\TTacute
% };
\newfontfamily\arabicfont[Script=Arabic]{Noto Kufi Arabic}
\tqLemma{ara}{SeaGreen}{\textarabic{شكرا}}
\tqLemma{fra}{Rhodamine}{Merci}
\tqLemma{spa}{Maroon}{Gracias}
\newfontfamily\tamilfont[Script=Tamil]{Noto Sans Tamil}
\tqLemma{tam}{Crimson}{\texttamil{நன்றி}}
\end{scope}
%% 2nd layer
\begin{scope}[start chain=outer circle placed {at=(\tikzchaincount*32.72-16.36:10.57em)}]
\tqLemma{por}{Periwinkle}{Obrigado}
\tqLemma{ell}{BurntOrange}{Εὐχαριστῶ}
\newCJKfontfamily\kofontsf{Noto Sans CJK KR}
\tqLemma[font=\kofontsf]{kor}{MidnightBlue}{감사합니다}
\newfontfamily\hindifont[Script=Devanagari]{Noto Sans Devanagari}
\tqLemma{hin}{Apricot}{\texthindi{धन्यवाद}}
\tqLemma{msa}{ForestGreen}{Terima kasih}
\tqLemma{eng}{Tomato}{Thank you}
\newCJKfontfamily\jpfontsf{Noto Sans CJK JP}
\tqLemma[font=\jpfontsf]{jpn}{Violet}{ありがとう}
\tqLemma{gla}{Chocolate}{Tapadh leibh}
\newfontfamily\tibetanfont{Noto Sans Tibetan}
\tqLemma{bod}{Gold}{\texttibetan{ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ་།}}
\tqLemma{gle}{Tan}{Go raibh maith agaibh}
\tqLemma{vie}{LawnGreen}{Xin cảm ơn}
\end{scope}
%% 3rd layer now...
\begin{scope}[start chain=inner circle placed {at=(\tikzchaincount*32.72-32.72:13em)}]
\tqLemma{tur}{Chocolate}{Teşekkür ederim}
\tqLemma[yshift=-12pt]{hun}{SteelBlue}{Köszönöm}
\end{scope}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[draw=gray,thick,shorten >=-2pt] (axis)
edge (eng)
edge (msa)
edge (kor)
edge (ell)
edge (hin)
edge (vie)
edge (gle)
edge (bod)
edge (gla)
edge (jpn)
edge (tha)
edge (por)
edge (deu)
edge (zho)
edge (ita)
edge (tam)
edge (rus)
edge (fra)
edge (ara)
edge (spa)
edge (qya)
edge (tlh)
edge (tur)
edge (hun);
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{varwidth}
\end{preview}
\end{document}